China’s Debt to Africa: A Balancing Act Between Development and Dependency
China’s financial engagement with Africa has increased significantly over the past few decades, making it one of the continent’s most influential economic partners. This relationship, characterized by extensive loans and investments, has fuelled infrastructure development across Africa but has also sparked intense debate over the risks associated with rising debt levels. Critics warn of potential economic dependency and “debt-trap diplomacy,” while proponents argue that Chinese financing has been a crucial driver of Africa’s modernization.
As of 2020, Chinese lenders accounted for approximately 12% of Africa’s external debt, which had grown more than fivefold since 2000, reaching $696 billion. Between 2000 and 2023, Chinese financial institutions extended 1,306 loans, to...









