USA

Article I, Section 8 of the US Constitution grants Congress the power to “lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises,” and to regulate commerce with foreign countries. From the founding of the republic through the early 1930s, Congress set tariff rates through legislative revisions to the US tariff schedule. Low tariffs were initially imposed to raise revenue for the federal government, but tariffs became a tool to protect domestic producers from foreign competition. Throughout this period, tariff rates fluctuated with the makeup of Congress, while the president was largely a bit player in setting international trade policy. This approach to US tariffs changed dramatically following the disastrous Trade Act of 1930, better known as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act after its sponsors...

1. US job openings decline Job openings in the United States fell to a 3.5-year low in July, which suggests the labour market is losing steam. The number of unfilled jobs, shown in the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS), fell to its lowest since May 2021. It meant there were 1.07 open positions for every unemployed person in July. Investors and policymakers are watching the labour market closely, after four monthly increases in the unemployment rate stoked fears of a recession. "The labour market is still in pretty good shape, but it has cooled dramatically over the last year and a half," Bill Adams, chief economist at Comerica Bank, told Reuters. "Most Americans who want jobs have them, but there are fewer opportunities or alternatives for workers who ar...